Business and Finance

International demand for U.S. financial assets cooled in December as optimism Europe would resolve its debt crisis reduced the appeal of Treasuries as a safe haven.

Net buying of long-term equities, notes and bonds totaled $17.9 billion during the month, compared with net purchases of $61.3 billion the previous month, the Treasury Department said today in Washington. Including short-term securities such as stock swaps, foreigners bought a net $87.1 billion in December, compared with net buying of $42.9 billion the previous month.

After a week dominated by hopes and fears about Greece, investors will continue to follow the plight of the nation at the center of Europe’s debt crisis as it enters another crucial week.

Investors will also have a full slate of data on the U.S. economy to sift through next week, which could vie with jitters about a default by debt-stricken Greece.

Stocks sank Friday after eurozone finance ministers postponed a decision on additional bailout funds for Greece, saying the government’s latest austerity program does not go far enough.

The Greek Parliament voted in favor of the politically unpopular reform package late Sunday, paving the way for the ministers to sign off on a second bailout worth €130 billion when they meet Wednesday.

Meanwhile, violent protests against the austerity measures continued over the weekend in Athens.

In addition to parliamentary approval, Greece needs to identify an additional €325 million in spending cuts. And political leaders must provide binding assurances that they will follow through on the reforms even after elections are held later this year.

The concern is that Greece will default on a €14.5 billion bond redemption in March if the government cannot secure additional bailout funds.

Friday’s retreat pushed the major indexes lower for the week. The Dow Jones industrial average () and the S&P 500 () both lost 0.5% last week, while the Nasdaq () eased 0.8%.

Despite the down week, stocks have been sailing higher this year. The Dow is up nearly 5% so far in 2012. The S&P 500 has gained nearly 7% and the Nasdaq has rallied over 11% year to date.

In the United States, investors will take in a series of key economic indicators next week, including January retail sales, a regional manufacturing index, a report on new home construction, as well as producer and consumer inflation data.

Bernanke: Housing problems hold back recovery

On Wednesday, the Federal Reserve will release minutes from its January policy meeting, when the central bank broke new ground by releasing interest rate forecasts and an explicit target for the rate of inflation.

The Fed has been cautious about the outlook for the economy, pledging to hold interest rates at historic lows through late 2014. But investors have been more optimistic, focusing on a better-than-expected reports on the job market and fourth quarter gross domestic product. 

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Time Warner Inc. reported fourth-quarter earnings Wednesday that rose from a year earlier and beat Wall Street’s expectations, largely due to the final Harry Potter movie.

The company also hiked its dividend and announced a new share buyback.

Shares of Time Warner (, Fortune 500) rose more than 2% in early trading.

Time Warner’s sales rose 5% to $8.2 billion, topping analysts’ forecasts of $8.1 billion. The growth was led by 7% revenue growth at Warner Bros., thanks to the DVD and Blu-ray release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, the final installment of the wildly successful series.

The film’s DVDs, which went on sale in November, ranked within the top three selling DVDs domestically in 2011, and helped offset lower revenues from the silver screen releases and television license fees.

While Harry Potter’s days at the box office have come to an end, Time Warner CEO Jeff Bewkes said the franchise will live on and be a source of strength for the company.

Time Warner rakes in licensing fees for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter from theme park Universal Orlando, owned by NBCUniversal.

The park is set to expand in Florida, and a second Wizarding World of Harry Potter will open at the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park in California, bringing in more fees starting in 2014.

Bewkes also noted the excitement building up for The Dark Knight Rises, which will mark the end of Christopher Nolan’s Batman trilogy. Midnight IMAX shows for the July release are already selling out, he said.

Time Warner’s television networks were also strong performers during the fourth quarter. Revenue climbed by almost 5% at the networks, which include CNN, HBO, TBS, TNT and truTV.

Sales from subscriptions at the television networks edged up 5% while advertising sales ticked up 2%. Meanwhile, content revenue spiked 16% thanks to higher sales of HBO’s original programming, which includes "True Blood" and "Game of Thrones."

But revenue at Time Warner’s publishing unit, Time Inc. declined 1%, as sales from subscriptions decreased and advertising sales remained flat during the quarter business cards design.

The New York-based parent company of CNNMoney.com and Fortune said its net income rose to $773 million, or 76 cents per share, up just 0.5% from the same quarter in the prior year.

Adjusted net income, the commonly used profit metric for media companies, rose 25% to $946 million, or 94 cents per share. Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters were looking for earnings per share of 87 cents.

Separately, Time Warner said it is raising its quarterly cash dividend by 11% to 26 cents per share, and announced a $4 billion stock repurchase program.

Throughout 2011, the media giant has repurchased approximately 144 million shares, for about $4.9 billion, helping its stock jump more than 12% in 2011.

For 2012, the company said it expects adjusted EPS growth to be in the low double digits, from a base of $2.89 in 2011. That would compare to 20% growth in adjusted EPS in 2011.

"We’re investing aggressively in programming, production and marketing," said Bewkes, adding that the company is focusing on expanding its international presence.

Movie ticket sales hit 16-year low

For the full year, Time Warner booked a $2.9 profit and an 8% jump in revenue to $29 billion. Both topped Wall Street estimates. Adjusted net income rose 12% to $3.1 billion, or $2.89 per share. Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters were looking for earnings per share of $2.82.

The company’s TV networks and Warner Bros. divisions both reported a 9% jump in revenue for 2011, primarily due to sports programming, including the NCAA basketball tournament, that aired on TBS, TNT and truTV and the Harry Potter movies.

Rival media conglomerate Walt Disney (, Fortune 500) also posted a better-than-expected profit late Tuesday, but revenue growth fell short of expectations. News Corp. (, Fortune 500) opens its books after the closing bell Wednesday. 

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1901 • John F. Queeny sets up Monsanto Chemical Works in honor of his wife, Olga Monsanto, and begins making saccharin at a St. Louis plant.

1929 • Monsanto buys two companies to enter the rubber chemicals business. It also buys several other chemical companies.

1997 • Monsanto spins off its chemical group as Solutia Inc.

December 2003 • Solutia files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

May 2004 • Solutia promotes Jeffry Quinn to president and CEO after he joined the company in 2003.

May 2007 • Solutia buys the half of Brussels-based Flexsys NV, a supplier of chemicals to the rubber industry, that it didn’t own.

February 2008 • Solutia emerges from bankruptcy.

June 2009 • Solutia sells its nylon business unit.

January 2012 • Eastman Chemical announces plans to acquire Solutia.

Source: St. Louis Post-Dispatch research, Solutia

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Standard & Poor

The Czech Republic should sell Eurobonds this year at better terms than other eastern European Union states because of government plans to trim the budget deficit, Deputy Finance Minister Jan Gregor said.

The Finance Ministry will be ready to sell between 1 billion euros ($1.3 billion) and 2 billion euros of debt from the start of February after the ministry updates its macroeconomic forecasts, Gregor said yesterday in an interview in Prague. The ministry may sell a bond on foreign markets denominated in other currencies if terms for a Eurobond issue aren

General Motors Co. is on track to retake the title of world’s top-selling automaker, riding strong sales in the U.S. and China to beat Volkswagen and Toyota.

GM, which lost the crown to Toyota in 2008 after holding it for more than seven decades, won’t release global sales numbers until later this month, but it’s on pace to finish 2011 at around 9 million cars and trucks, at least 800,000 more than its German and Japanese rivals.

Volkswagen AG on Monday said it sold a record 8.156 million vehicles last year, a 14 percent rise over 2010. The company expects a tough 2012, though. Toyota, whose production suffered from the tsunami and Fukushima nuclear disaster, had earlier reported sales of 7.9 million vehicles in 2011.

GM, meanwhile, sold almost 7 million vehicles worldwide in the first three quarters and is expected to reach around 9 million for 2011.

GM has more appealing cars and trucks than in the past when Toyota took the crown away, says Jeff Schuster, senior vice president of forecasting for LMC Automotive, an industry consulting company in Troy, Michigan.

Other manufacturers have passed Toyota partly because its car production was paralyzed by Japan’s earthquake and nuclear disaster last year. But rivals also developed stylish vehicles that are drawing more customers.

“They’re not pushing their designs as much as others in terms of new looks and feel,” Schuster says of Toyota. “The market has changed.”

Volkswagen met its aggressive sales goals in the U.S. and throughout the world, and its products also have made it a strong global competitor, Schuster says.

In the U.S., VW sales rose 26 percent last year to top 324,000 vehicles, boosted by a new Jetta compact sedan and the Passat midsize sedan. That surpassed its goal of 300,000.

Schuster expects a tighter race for the global sales crown next year with Toyota recovering from Japan’s disasters and the Nissan-Renault venture challenging the leaders.

Volkswagen, whose brands include Audi, Skoda and Seat, has a goal of producing 10 million vehicles per year and passing Toyota and GM to become the world’s biggest automaker by 2018.

Volkswagen’s top sales and marketing executive, Christian Klingler, says that “all the company’s brands have shown increases in difficult conditions on volatile markets” and called the 2011 figures “an outstanding result.”

But he added that the coming year will be demanding. “In 2012 the risks are increasing above all on European markets.”

The 17 countries that use the euro are struggling with a financial crisis over too much government debt. Fears that a country may default and damage the banking system have weighed on the wider economy and many think the eurozone economy may have shrunk in the last three months of 2011.

But the 2011 figures underlined a strong year for German automakers, who have profited from strong sales and profits in emerging markets, especially China. Volkswagen, Daimler AG’s Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Porsche all recorded record vehicle sales for the year.

Luxury carmaker BMW AG said Monday that it sold a record 1.67 million vehicles under its BMW, Mini and Rolls-Royce brands thanks to a 14.2 percent increase over 2010.

The BMW brand, the company’s mainstay, sold 12.8 percent more cars and SUVs _ a total of 1.38 million. Rolls-Royce increased unit sales by 30.5 percent with 3,538 cars sold worldwide, breaking a sales record from 1978.

Porsche on Monday reported a 22 percent sales increase to 118,867 vehicles.

Daimler AG on Jan. 5 reported record sales of 1.362 million for its Mercedes-Benz, smart and Maybach brands.

Some analysts have said that VW is the world’s biggest because GM’s figures include vehicles made by its Wuling joint venture in China. Many don’t count Wuling because GM doesn’t have controlling interest in the company, but GM includes it in global sales figures.

Including Wuling, GM will overtake Toyota and Volkswagen, says Schuster, senior vice president of forecasting for LMC Automotive, an industry consulting company in Troy, Michigan.

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AP Auto Writer Bree Fowler in Detroit contributed to this report.

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The European Central Bank

One in eight people earning at least $1 million annually was audited by the Internal Revenue Service last year, making them far likelier to be examined than those making below $200,000, according to IRS data released Thursday.

Just 1 in 100 individuals earning less than $200,000 had their income tax returns examined, the IRS said.

The 12 percent of millionaire earners audited in 2011 was appreciably higher than the 8 percent who were audited in 2010. IRS officials said the high ratio was part of an effort to demonstrate that tax laws are applied fairly.

“That has been something we’ve concentrated on to assure that there’s equity in the system, to assure that those at the lower end of the spectrum know that those at the higher end of the spectrum are subject to the same rules and enforcement as everyone else,” Steven Miller, deputy IRS commissioner for services and enforcement, said in an interview.

In recent weeks, President Barack Obama and congressional Democrats have sought to boost taxes on the wealthy as a way to pay for jobs programs, a theme they are expected to continue in this presidential and congressional election year. IRS spokeswoman Michelle Eldridge said the growing portion of millionaire earners’ returns audited is not related to politics.

“The IRS is an agency of civil servants, and we base our audit decisions on tax issues _ nothing else. We don’t play politics here,” she said.

Between 2004 and 2009, the percentage of millionaire earners audited ranged between 5 percent and 7 percent.

The data was divided into only three categories of income: below $200,000, $200,000 and up, and $1 million and higher.

About 1 in 25 people earning $200,000 and more was audited in 2011.

The IRS also audited a greater proportion of large corporations than smaller ones, the data shows.

Last year, 1 percent of corporations with assets under $10 million were audited. Among corporations with assets of $250 million and up, 28 percent were audited.

The IRS said its enforcement efforts to collect all taxes owed _ which include audits, court cases and other activities _ netted $55 billion last year. That is nearly $3 billion less than the previous year, which Miller attributed to a falloff in estate taxes and corporations writing off their losses.

All together, the IRS audited nearly 1.6 million of the 141 million individual income tax returns that were filed. In 2010 _ the most recent year available _ more than 8 in 10 individuals audited ended up paying additional taxes.

The agency collected a total of $2.3 trillion in revenue last year from individuals and businesses, including the $55 billion from its enforcement efforts.

The IRS figures also showed that:

_In 2011, the agency garnisheed wages or seized money from bank accounts 3.7 million times, put liens on property 1 million times and seized 776 pieces of property.

_77 percent of individual returns were filed electronically last year, up from 69 percent in 2010.

_70 percent of callers to IRS taxpayer information telephone lines got through, slightly less than the 74 percent who reached someone in 2010. Miller attributed that to budget cuts to the agency.

_The information IRS officials dispensed over the phone to taxpayers was accurate 93 percent of the time, the same as the previous year.

_The IRS website, http://www.irs.gov, was visited 319 million times in 2011, a slight increase.

The data was presented by federal fiscal years, which begin on the previous Oct. 1.

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Global stock markets opened a risk-filled new year still smarting from a rough 2011, as many exchanges remained closed. German and French stocks rose in light volumes as a a reading of manufacturing activity in Europe improved.

Germany’s DAX closed up 3 percent Monday at 6,075 while the French CAC-40, which ended 2011 17 percent lower, climbed 2 percent to 3,222. Stocks fell in South Korea and closed flat in Taiwan.

Trading was light with the New York, London and most Asian stock exchanges closed.

Investors appeared to be reassured by European purchasing managers survey index numbers that improved in December from November. Activity in the manufacturing sector was up, but at levels that still show a fifth straight month of contraction.

Many of the world’s leading indexes are coming off a down year. Britain’s FTSE was off 5.6 percent by year end, Japan’s Nikkei fell 17 percent to its lowest close since 1982, and the Standard & Poor’s 500 showed zero gain.

Data releases later in the week such as eurozone inflation on Wednesday and German factory orders and U.S. non-farm payrolls on Friday will give traders more grist. The U.S. employment figure is expected to rise by some 150,000 after increasing 120,000 in November.

Markets face an uncertain first quarter as eurozone leaders try to get control of government debt woes that threaten to harm the global economy with another financial meltdown.

Much of the attention in coming weeks will center on Italy, the eurozone’s third-largest economy and the focal point of the eurozone’s struggle to deal with a crisis caused by heavy levels of government debt. Fears of default on those debts mean that bond investors demand ever-higher interest, making it a challenge for the new government of Prime Minister Mario Monti to roll over euro53 billion ($69 billion) in debt maturing in the first quarter cash advance. If a country can no longer borrow affordably to pay off bonds that are maturing, it faces eventual default or a bailout.

Debt woes may be compounded by at least a mild recession over the last quarter of 2011 and the first part of 2012.

In Asia, South Korea’s Kospi, which lost 11 percent of its value last year, closed nearly unchanged at 1,826.37. South Korea’s tech sector move higher, with Samsung Electronics up 2.1 percent and LG Electronics gaining 2.3 percent. Steel giant POSCO slid 1.1 percent and Korea Electric Power shed 1.8 percent.

Taiwan’s TAIEX, which was also open for business Monday, fell 1.7 percent to 6,952.21. Foxconn Technology, the world’s biggest contract electronics manufacturer, which makes iPads and iPhones for Apple Inc., fell 0.9 percent. Personal computer maker Acer Inc. shed 2.3 percent.

The Asian-Pacific region’s major benchmarks, including Japan’s Nikkei 225 index, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index and Australia’s S&P ASX 200, were closed.

Last year was one that traders would prefer to forget: most Asian equity indexes closed out 2011 deeply in the red. The Nikkei in Tokyo ended the year at 8,429.45 _ its lowest closing since 1982.

China’s benchmark Shanghai Composite Index, closed Monday, endured a 21 percent loss for the year as the impact of Beijing’s multibillion-dollar stimulus faded and the government tightened curbs on lending and investment to cool blistering economic growth.

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