Business and Finance

Regulators on Friday closed small banks in Florida and Arizona, boosting to 92 the number of bank failures in the U.S. this year.

The number of closures has fallen sharply this year as banks have worked their way through the bad debt accumulated in the recession. By this time last year, regulators had shuttered 157 banks.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. seized Premier Community Bank of the Emerald Coast, based in Crestview, Fla., with $126 million in assets and $112 million in deposits, and Phoenix-based Western National Bank, with $162.9 million in assets and $144.5 million in deposits.

Summit Bank, based in Panama City, Fla., agreed to assume the loans and other assets as well as the deposits of Premier Community Bank. In addition, the FDIC and Summit Bank agreed to share losses on $98 million of Premier Community Bank’s assets.

Washington Federal, based in Seattle, is acquiring the assets and deposits of Western National Bank.

The failure of Premier Community Bank of the Emerald Coast is expected to cost the deposit insurance fund $31.2 million; that of Western National Bank is expected to cost $37.6 million.

Florida has been one of the hardest-hit states for bank failures. Regulators closed 29 banks in Florida last year. The failure of Premier Community Bank brought to 13 the number of Florida lenders shut down this year

California, Georgia and Illinois also have seen large numbers of bank failures.

In all of 2010, regulators seized 157 banks, the most in any year since the savings and loan crisis two decades ago. Those failures cost around $23 billion. The FDIC has said 2010 likely was the high-water mark for bank failures from the Great Recession.

In 2009, there were 140 bank failures that cost the insurance fund about $36 billion, a higher price tag than in 2010 because the banks involved were bigger on average. Twenty-five banks failed in 2008, the year the financial crisis struck with force; only three were closed in 2007.

From 2008 through 2010, bank failures cost the fund $76.8 billion. The FDIC expects failures from 2011 through 2015 to cost $19 billion.

The deposit insurance fund fell into the red in 2009. With failures slowing, the FDIC’s fund balance turned positive in the second quarter of this year; it stood at $7.8 billion as of Sept. 30.

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Federal regulators are blocking Duke Energy’s planned acquisition of Progress Energy to form the country’s largest electric company, ruling the companies haven’t done enough to protect competition in their North Carolina and South Carolina home markets.

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission had scheduled a Thursday hearing on changes to the merger plans in Washington, but regulators surprised the utilities late Wednesday by rejecting the companies’ solution to protect competition.

The FERC action is likely to delay the merger’s year-end target for completion and could require changes that the companies find unattractive.

A Duke spokesman said the company was reviewing the order. He wouldn’t comment about how it affects Duke’s commitment to the deal.

Jefferies & Co. analyst Paul Fremont said the companies’ next move will be to take a serious look at their power plants and decide which can be sold. Any proposed sale must be reviewed by state regulators, who would need guarantees that it wouldn’t affect pre-negotiated power rates for utility customers.

The order will delay the deal by about three months, at least, he said. The companies also may walk away from the deal at this point, deciding that the government was demanding too many sacrifices. “It’s too early to say at this point” what will happen, Fremont said.

The federal agency in September questioned the deal’s impact on customers in North and South Carolina. Regulators suggested that the companies consider a number of measures that would diminish their influence, such as selling power plants, building new transmission lines or giving up control of their transmission system to a regional operator. The companies responded last month with a plan to sell excess electricity at a fixed price to wholesale buyers in their Carolinas territories.

Regulators now say the proposal by Charlotte-based Duke and Raleigh-based Progress doesn’t go far enough.

The “mitigation proposal does not remedy the proposed transaction’s adverse effects on competition,” the FERC ruling said.

Duke first announced it planned to buy Progress in January for $13.7 billion. If approved, the combined company will serve 7.1 million customers in North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky.

Duke shares rose 12 cents to $20.97 in premarket trading Thursday while Progress shares added 6 cents to $54.49.

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Questioned by senators he once served with, Jon Corzine told a panel Tuesday that he never told anyone to “misuse” customer money that vanished when MF Global collapsed this fall.

An estimated $1.2 billion in client funds are missing. Senators are demanding that Corzine and two other executives at the securities firm explain who authorized the transfer of money in the days before the firm collapsed in the eighth-largest bankruptcy in U.S. history.

“I never gave any instruction to anyone at MF Global to misuse customer funds,” Corzine testified at a hearing of the Senate Agriculture Committee on Tuesday.”

Corzine, a former Democratic New Jersey senator and governor, resigned as CEO of the securities firm last month.

Bradley Abelow, the firm’s president and chief operating officer, and Henri Steenkamp, the chief financial officer, also tried to distance themselves from any decision to transfer the money at the hearing.

Brokers are required to keep client money separate from company funds.

“Funds don’t simply disappear. Someone took action, whether legal or illegal, to move that money. And the effect of that decision is being felt across the countryside,” said Kansas Sen. Pat Roberts, the committee’s top Republican.

Roberts said MF Global violated “a sacred rule of the futures industry,” keeping customer funds separate from the firm’s _ and that it was the first time that had happened. “You don’t break the glass in regards to segregated funds.”

All three witnesses said they don’t know where the money is. Yet their phrasing varied in subtle ways that could have legal distinctions.

Corzine said he did not direct anyone to “misuse” the money.

Abelow said he does not recall “any conversation about customer funds being used for anything other than their intended purpose.”

Steenkamp’s stance was more sweeping. He said he did not “authorize, approve or know of any transfers of customer funds” out of their accounts.

Depending on the circumstances, transferring money from customers’ accounts could violate securities laws and, in some cases, could amount to a crime. Federal authorities have begun criminal investigations. And regulators are looking into whether the firm broke securities rules.

The executives said that given what is now known, they wouldn’t have signed the firm’s last quarterly financial statement attesting that its internal financial controls were adequate.

Under a 2002 anti-corporate-fraud law that Corzine co-wrote as a U.S. senator, the top executives of public companies must personally certify the accuracy of their company’s financial statements. It can be a violation of the law for executives to sign a false statement.

MF Global collapsed into the eighth-largest bankruptcy in U.S. history after a disastrous bet on European debt.

The three executives say that they didn’t become aware of the shortfall until hours before the firm filed for bankruptcy protection on Oct. 31.

Tuesday’s hearing included an added element of intrigue because Corzine, a former Democratic senator from New Jersey, was pressed by some senators he served with from 2000 through 2005.

The Senate panel is one of three congressional committees to have issued subpoenas to compel Corzine’s testimony on the issue. It marked the first time a former senator has been subpoenaed by his former peers in more than 100 years, according to the Senate historian’s office.

Many lawmakers have heard from farmers, ranchers and small business owners in their states who are missing money that was deposited with the firm. Agricultural businesses use brokerage firms like MF Global to help reduce their risks in an industry vulnerable to swings in oil, corn and other commodity prices.

Corzine told lawmakers last week that he never intended to authorize the transfer of funds from customer accounts. If any subordinates moved clients’ money in the belief that Corzine had authorized it, “it was a misunderstanding,” he said.

Corzine, Steenkamp and Abelow have been sued in class-action complaints on behalf of MF Global shareholders. The lawsuits accuse the executives of making false and misleading statements about MF Global’s financial strength and cash balances.

MF Global didn’t list the European debt on its balance sheet for all to see. Instead, those holdings were shifted to the company’s “off-balance sheet,” deep in its financial statements. Some separate filings with regulators excluded the European debt entirely.

A lawyer for the trustee overseeing the liquidation of MF Global’s brokerage operations said in court Friday that the trustee’s staff has discovered some “suspicious” trades in MF Global customer accounts that were made in the last days before the firm failed. The lawyer didn’t provide details.

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Asian stock markets rose Monday as investors cheered a new European fiscal pact aimed at fixing the region’s debt crisis and preventing a collapse of the euro currency.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 index jumped 1.5 percent to 8,665.76. South Korea’s Kospi added 1.2 percent to 1,896.35 and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng gained 1.6 percent to 18,874.22.

Under the deal reached Friday, all 17 countries that use the euro agreed to allow a central European authority to oversee their future budgets. They also agreed to automatic penalties if they spend too much.

In addition to tighter controls on spending, Europe’s new “fiscal compact” calls for the launch of a permanent bailout fund for euro nations in 2012, a year ahead of schedule. The deal also will send 200 billion euros ($267 billion) to the International Monetary Fund, which controls another emergency fund for countries in crisis.

But the deal won’t help cut debt today, which in Italy, Greece and Spain has driven government borrowing costs close to levels considered unsustainable installment payday loans. That loose end brought into focus the future monetary policy of the European Central Bank, and whether it would be willing to buy enough national bonds from troubled countries to keep interest rates down.

Analysts at Credit Agricole CIB said “the lack of ECB action in terms of stepping up to the plate as lender of the last resort” still weighed on investment sentiment.

There were also doubts about the willingness of each individual country to ratify the agreement.

Benchmark oil for January delivery was down 7 cents to $99.34 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose $1.07 to finish at $99.41 per barrel on the Nymex on Friday.

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WORKING OUT: After 15 years in Chicago, Sarah Dorsey Tourville is back in her hometown to open the 34th franchise of The Dailey Method, a national network of fitness studios.

Tourville’s studio, in the Village at Schneithorst at 1560 South Lindbergh Boulevard, will officially open tomorrow but is the location for a private cocktail reception tonight.

Tourville, who is former KTRS (AM 550) honcho Tim Dorsey’s eldest daughter, has been the head of ESPN’s ad sales for the Midwest the past 10 years.

She’ll be giving up that job at the end of the year to permanently relocate in St payday loans for self employed. Louis with her two children, Lilly, 4, and Ben, 2 ½. Her ex-husband is also moving here to be close to their children, Tourville said.

Tourville is offering special discounts and packages - such as six weeks of free classes for $100 — over the weekend to celebrate the opening of the studio. She added that proceeds from the opening events will go to St. Louis Children’s Hospital.

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European markets were little changed Thursday after the European Central Bank delivered another interest rate cut before a crucial summit of European Union leaders that could determine whether the euro currency survives or not.

The decision by the European Central Bank to reduce its main interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point to 1 percent was expected and investors will be looking to see if its new ECB President Mario Draghi hints at further cuts in the months ahead amid growing signs of a recession in the 17-country eurozone.

“Expectation is growing that the ECB may look to cut its main policy rate below the current record low of 1 percent in coming months if the economic situation continues to deteriorate,” said Chris Williamson, an analyst at Markit.

In Europe, the FTSE 100 index of leading British shares was up 0.3 percent at 5,562 while Germany’s DAX rose 0.2 percent to 6,043. The CAC-40 in France was 0.3 percent lower at 3,164. The euro was 0.2 percent higher at $1.3417.

Wall Street was poised for modest gains on the open _ Dow futures were up 0.1 percent at 12,231 while the broader Standard & Poor’s 500 futures rose 0.1 percent to 1,265.

Traders were looking to Draghi’s press conference later Thursday to see what he says about the bank’s limited bond-buying program.

Draghi has said the central bank is ready to do more to support bond markets provided that European politicians agree to closer budget controls among the 17 countries that use the euro. Germany and France have proposed a plan on closer fiscal unity that will dominate debate at Friday’s EU summit.

Investors hope if European governments can agree to tighter spending oversight, the ECB will step up its support for the bond markets. It currently buys bonds in the markets, but only reluctantly, and in small quantities.

“The ECB has made it clear that the sequencing of events is all-important, a hint that if the EU takes a significant step towards more fiscal discipline then it will continue to support the market in size and maybe in words as well,” said Gary Jenkins, an analyst at Evolution Securities.

“Let’s hope what is decided is enough to keep the ECB satisfied, so that it keeps up its support for markets,” he added same day payday loans.

Hopes that Europe was finally readying a decisive plan to deal with its crippling debt crisis had helped stocks rise over the past couple of weeks, as well as pushing the borrowing rates of countries like Italy down to more manageable levels.

The ten-year yield on Italy’s bonds is currently trading around the 6 percent mark, down on the 7 percent level that it traded at as recently as last week. Borrowing rates of over 7 percent are considered unsustainable and eventually caused Greece, Ireland and Portugal to seek financial bailouts.

The French-German proposal to enshrine tougher budget rules in European treaties is being met with resistance by the European Council, an institution that defines the priorities of the entire 27-nation EU. Its president, Herman Van Rompuy, favors a simpler route _ amending existing rules that apply to the 17 euro countries to avoid the trickier step of requiring every country to approve the new treaty.

The potential for disagreement at the summit weighed on Asian stocks earlier as it had done in Europe and the U.S. on Wednesday.

Japan’s Nikkei 225 fell 0.7 percent to 8,664.58, dragged down by weaker-than-expected machinery orders. South Korea’s Kospi lost 0.4 percent to 1,912.39 and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng shed 0.7 percent to 19,107.81.

But mainland Chinese shares rose, with the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index gaining 0.1 percent to 2,329.82 after losing more than 1 percent earlier in the day to approach an intraday low for the year. The Shenzhen Composite Index gained 0.1 percent to 970.95.

Oil prices rose modestly in line with the modest advance in Europe _ benchmark oil for January delivery was up 38 cents to $100.87 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange

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Pamela Sampson in Bangkok contributed to this report.

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New polymer banknotes demand that all money-handling machines in the country be upgraded at a cost of $75-100 million, the Bank of Canada estimates.

That compares to $20-30 million for the last conversion in 2004-2006, bank spokesperson Julie Girard said Tuesday.

Robert Deluce is the president and chief executive officer of Porter Airlines. In our series on the financial habits of notable Canadians, Deluce told the Toronto Star’s Emily Mathieu what he learned working at his family’s hunting and fishing charter business, the significance of a 1956 Oldsmobile and why, when it comes to purchases and sales, almost everything is negotiable.s

How did your family influence your attitude toward money?

My family is very entrepreneurial, so I’ve always looked at finances from a business perspective. Whether as an individual or a household it’s important to understand your revenue streams and expenses, and to look for quality and value when making decisions about how to spend money wisely.

What is the best financial advice you ever received?

I’ve always had to earn my own money. Even though I was involved in a family business, there was no free ride for me or my eight siblings. My parents always made sure that we were compensated for the work we did. I appreciate the value of money because of this.

What lessons did you take away from your first job?

My parents started a hunting and fishing charter business in 1951 in Northern Ontario called White River Air Services. I later boarded as a student at St. Michael’s College School in Toronto and worked at the family business when I went home during summer holidays. I would pump gas, load aircraft and do other odd jobs while learning the ropes as a teenager. I didn’t realize it at the time, but that was my apprenticeship for running a business, and an airline in particular.

What was the first item you purchased with your own money?

The first item of any significance was the purchase of an old 1956 Oldsmobile from my grandfather for $500. This was in 1968 while I was attending McGill University.

What has been your savviest investment?

The purchase of a home in 1987 from an investment banker on the day after the stock market tumbled. After doing a really light “freshen up” renovation, which consisted primarily of interior paint, we resold the house six months later for about $400,000 more than we had paid for it.

What is your worst spending habit?

Like many people, my morning coffee is a habit that adds up. Of course, I have to have the premium drinks, which makes it worse.

How do you prefer to pay, cash, card or debit?

Credit card. It helps me keep track of expenses and I always pay the full balance every month. Cash is my back up. I never use debit cards.

What hard financial lessons have you learned?

Never leave yourself with only one supplier; you must have choice and some tension to ensure value.

What is your best money-saving advice?

Everything is negotiable. Rarely should you pay the sticker price for a product or service. You can get a better price simply by asking, comparing suppliers, buying in larger quantities or employing other strategies. Sometimes you can negotiate more value by having upgrades or bonus items included in the cost. If you’re somewhere, like in a grocery store, where this doesn’t usually apply, you can still save money by planning ahead and buying staple items when they’re on sale before you absolutely need them and have no choice but to pay the going rate that day. Never be in a hurry to conclude the transaction. And if you are buying a car, absolutely do not ask for a certain colour as your first item of discussion.

Are there any money saving tips you can pass on to travellers?

It’s important to know what you’re getting for your ticket when flying. You can usually choose from various fare types and each one gives you different benefits. Buying the lowest fare usually means you’ll have to pay extra to make changes later on, but you save upfront. A premium fare has things like this built into the upfront price. You should purchase according to your needs and be aware of fees if they’re required for baggage, seat selection, etc. We try to offer real value at Porter by including certain amenities that other airlines either don’t offer or make you pay for.

Do you worry about retirement?

I don’t plan on retiring anytime soon, but I do have a financial plan.

Are money and success the same thing?

I don’t think so. There are a lot of ways to make money, but success is something that you earn. Most successful people also have a sense of accomplishment. This may come from building a business or contributing to a cause where there is also benefit to others, not just you. Often this has nothing to do with making money or your total net worth.

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Leaders from across Latin America and the Caribbean pledged closer ties to safeguard their economies from the world financial crisis as they formed a new bloc on Saturday including every nation in the hemisphere except the U.S. and Canada.

Several presidents stressed during the two-day summit that they hope to ride out turbulent times by boosting local industries and increasing trade within the region.

“It seems it’s a terminal, structural crisis of capitalism,” Bolivian President Evo Morales said in a speech Saturday. “I feel we’re meeting at a good moment to debate … the great unity of the countries of America, without the United States.”

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and some of his closest allies called the new regional bloc a tool for opposing U.S. influence. But other leaders focused more on economic concerns and on working together to confront issues such as drug trafficking and the effects of climate change.

Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff said that if the nations are to keep thriving they will need to look more to their neighbors.

“The economic, financial crisis should be at the center of our concerns,” Rousseff said Friday night. She said Latin America should “realize that to guarantee its current cycle of development despite the international economic turbulence, it means that every politician must be aware that each one needs the others.”

The region has so far weathered the economic woes better than the U.S. or Europe, achieving economic growth of more than 5 percent last year.

Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos said the region has immense potential “in this world that’s going through great uncertainty, where there’s a hurricane that’s hitting the so-called industrialized economies hard.” He said Colombia’s current trade with Brazil, for instance, is minimal and could grow significantly.

Chavez read aloud a letter from Chinese President Hu Jintao congratulating the leaders on forming a new 33-nation regional bloc, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Hu pledged to deepen cooperation with the new group.

The U.S. remains the top trading partner of many countries in the region, with exceptions including Brazil and Chile, where China has become the biggest trading partner. China has also made diplomatic inroads, including by granting about $38 billion in loans to Venezuela in exchange for increasing shipments of oil.

Chilean President Sebastian Pinera touted the region’s opportunities for growth, while Argentine President Cristina Fernandez said building trade among the countries should be a priority.

Bolivia’s Morales took a different focus, strongly criticizing the International Monetary Fund and saying “they’ve just pillaged us and led us to poverty.”

Morales also appealed for strong steps at this month’s climate change conference in South Africa, saying it’s critical that developed nations renew pledges to cut greenhouse gas emissions under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.

“If they kill the protocol, they kill the planet,” Morales said.

Trinidad and Tobago’s prime minister, Kamla Persad-Bissessar, also expressed concerns about changing weather patterns and said nations should work together to better plan for disasters.

Several leaders called for closer cooperation to fight criminals and drug trafficking.

“Our region is seriously threatened by organized crime,” Guatemalan President Alvaro Colom said.

Colombia’s Santos said the new bloc could help in re-examining whether current counter-drug efforts are the right approach.

Caribbean leaders including Haitian President Michel Martelly thanked Chavez for selling their nations oil on preferential terms, including long-term, low interest loans.

“The people of Haiti love you with all their hearts,” Martelly told Chavez during his speech, saying “south-south cooperation” is key to the future of his impoverished country.

Chavez assured leaders he will survive cancer, reiterating that he underwent recent tests in Cuba after finishing chemotherapy and they found no “malignant cells in any part of my body, thanks to God.”

Trinidad’s prime minister gave Chavez a vial of what she described as holy water, and Chavez thanked her, saying “soon we will have a summit of those of us who’ve beaten cancer.”

Venezuela’s government celebrated the gathering at a Caracas military base with bursts of fireworks that could be heard from the session. Other events included an orchestral performance led by Venezuelan conductor Gustavo Dudamel and a post-summit concert headlined by Puerto Rican hip-hop duo Calle 13.

The leaders planned to formally launch the new bloc known by its Spanish initials CELAC on Saturday by approving the group’s procedural rules as well as a clause dealing with democratic norms and a declaration of shared principles.

Both Chavez and Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa said they hope the bloc eventually overshadows the importance of the Washington-based Organization of American States. Unlike the OAS, the new group will have Cuba as a full member and exclude the U.S. and Canada.

“We need a new inter-American system and, more specifically, a new system to guarantee human rights,” Correa said Friday, referring to the Washington-based Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which has received complaints from Ecuadorean newspapers and television channels that accuse his government of trying to silence critics.

“All these attacks and threats are made in the name of freedom of expression,” Correa added, accusing powerful media outlets of manipulating public opinion.

Several other presidents said they see CELAC as an important forum to resolve conflicts and build closer ties, but not as an alternative to existing bodies such as the OAS.

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A Greek high court on Friday considered appeals against a deeply resented new property tax that has sparked anger across the country because those who don’t pay it will get their power turned off.

As the case was being heard, hundreds of protesters outside the Council of State in Athens chanted “We won’t pay!”

Inside, court President Panayiotis Pikramenos voiced reservations over the stakes at hand.

“The Council of State has undertaken a burden that is not its own,” he said, opening proceedings. “(The court) will do its duty, but cannot undertake to handle a political problem that has built up over the past few years.”

Greece’s debt-strapped government is seeking to raise some euro2 billion ($2.7 billion) with the new tax. It is among a raft of harsh cutbacks _ including pension and pay cuts and tax hikes _ imposed over the past 20 months to secure international rescue loans to keep the country afloat.

Fourteen appeals have been filed by bar associations, unions, lawyers and property owners. The court will reconvene Jan. 19, with parties submitting written positions and is expected to rule several weeks later.

The tax _ which is paid through household electricity bills _ has meet with strong resistance throughout the austerity-weary country. Several municipalities have urged their citizens not to pay, or threatened power suppliers with lawsuits if they disconnect clients who can’t afford the emergency levy.

Prime Minister Lucas Papademos insisted Friday the tax can’t be scrapped as it will provide the state coffers with vital revenues guaranteed approval cash advance loans.

He told Parliament that his interim coalition government will ease payment terms for disadvantaged householders, including long-term jobless, in a country where unemployment has risen to record levels amid a deep recession.

“I too do not consider it right for citizens who objectively cannot pay the property levy to have their power cut off,” Papademos said. “I believe these arrangements will address many of the issues that have arisen. But the measure itself cannot be abolished, as it is necessary for our process of fiscal adjustment.”

Later Friday, lawmakers will start debating the 2012 austerity budget, which seeks to reduce government overspending to 5.4 percent of annual output _ from an estimated 9 percent this year.

Next year’s figure factors in 50 percent writedowns on the value of Greek bonds held by private creditors as part of a second international bailout for Greece, after a first euro110 billion ($148 billion) deal in May 2010 proved insufficient.

Former central banker Papademos was appointed last month to head a coalition government to push through financial reforms. The interim government is expected to call early elections in late February.

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